Results of Water Monitoring (WEEK 3)

RESULTS OF WATER MONITORING

Noise Monitoring and Assessment Results

[WEEK 3]
25th November 2016  - 7.30 am
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ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

(ISO 1996-1 & ISO 1996-2)

MEASUREMENT
DATE: 25 NOVEMBER 2016		TIME: 7.30 AM
MEASUREMENT TIME INTERVAL: 1 HOUR
EQUIPMENT
SOUND LEVEL METER MODEL: EXTECH INSTRUMENT SERIAL NO: 150105006
WEATHER CONDITION
WEATHER EQUIPMENT SERIAL NO: SM 15413297 PRESSURE (Pa): 1014 hPa		PRECIPITATION: RAINING/DRIZZLE
CLOUD COVER: CLEAR/SCATTERED CLOUD/PARTLY CLOUD/MOSTLY CLOUD/OVERCAST
AVERAGE WIND SPEED: 0 kph TEMPERATURE: 29˚C		HUMIDITY (%): 76%
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING CONDITION OF THE SOUND SOURCE
LOCATION OF SITE: MORNING MARKET
DESCRIPTION OF SITE: THE MARKET IS LOCATED BESIDES MAIN ROAD AND ALSO LOCATED OPPOSITES TO SHOP LOTS AND ALSO HOUSING AREA.
BUILDING GEOMETRY: OPEN AREA
GROUND COVER & CONDITION: TAR ROAD
PARAMETERS
HEIGHT OF MICROPHONE (Hr): 0.86 m		HEIGHT OF SOURCE (Hs): 1.5 m
DISTANCE BETWEEN SOURCE AND MICROPHONE (r): 5.37 m
ROAD TRAFFIC
# OF HEAVY VEHICLES (>3500KG) (Min 30): 30	# OF LIGHT VEHICLES (Min 30): 350		AVERAGE SPEED: 60 km/h

We had collected the result of our noise monitoring for this week. The results shows the noise level at each second for an hour [60sec x 60min]. So, we had a total of 3600 data. To simplify the data obtained, we had calibrated a line graph to observe the pattern.

The highest level recorded by the equipment is data on 1356 seconds which is at 8:24:02 AM where the level reaches up to 82.3 dB. From our observation, the increase on the level of noise at that particular time is due to a disturbance that occur.

L10

L10 is the noise level exceeded for 10 percent of the time of the measurement period. For week 3, the noise limit of L10 was 68.6 dBA means that over a period of one hour. The noise from morning market activities can only exceed 68.6 dBA for a total of six minutes.

Leq

Leq is the time-averaged level and is equivalent to the average energy over the whole measurement period. Leq, or LAeq as it is know called, has become the preferred international descriptor for environmental sound and will be incorporated into all new Standards. For week 3, the Leq is still 70dB.

L95

L95 is the level exceeded for 95 percent of the time and represents the background level without any morning market noise present. The morning market background noise level in week 3 [58.9] is slightly higher from week 1.

Max dB

Max dB is the maximum level measured over a period of one hour, but it is not the same as, or not as high as, an individual peak level. In week 3, the max dB is 90.5 dB.

Difference between L10 and Leq

In week 3, the L10 is around 1 to 2 decibels lower than the Leq.

SEL

Sound Exposure Level (SEL) is numerically equivalent to the total Sound Energy.
SEL = Leq + 10 log10 T
SEL = 70 + 10 log 10 3600
SEL = 105.5 dB

In a conclusion, our first monitoring activity has indeed succeeded and we are looking forward to finish the rest 2 weeks.

Results of Water Monitoring (WEEK 2)

RESULTS OF WATER MONITORING

Results of Water Monitoring (WEEK 1)

RESULTS OF WATER MONITORING 

WATER MONITORING

Water monitoring on the colour, total suspended solids (TSS), total kjedall nitrogen(TKN), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and pH of the sample.

pH

pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that has more free hydrogen ions is acidic, whereas water that has more free hydroxyl ions is basic. Since pH can be affected by chemicals in the water, pH is an important indicator of water that is changing chemically. pH is reported in "logarithmic units". Each number represents a 10-fold change in the acidity/basicness of the water. Water with a pH of five is ten times more acidic than water having a pH of six.

COLOUR

The colour of water attributed to the presence of organic or inorganic materials, different materials absorb different light frequencies. Colour is expressed as Pt-Co unit. Water colour can naturally range from 0-300 PtCo. Colour is regarded as a pollution problem in term aesthetics but is not generally considered a detriment to aquatic life. 

TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS)

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are solids in water that can be trapped by a filter. TSS can include a wide variety of material, such as silt, decaying plant and animal matter, industrial wastes, and sewage. High concentrations of suspended solids can cause many problems for stream health and aquatic life.

TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN (TKN)

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen or TKN is the sum of nitrogen in bound in organic substances, nitrogen in ammonia (NH3-N) and in ammonium (NH4+-N) in the chemical analysis of soil, water, or waste water (e.g. sewage treatment plant effluent).

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are solids in water that can pass through a filter (usually with a pore size of 0.45 micrometers). TDS is a measure of the amount of material dissolved in water. This material can include carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, organic ions, and other ions. A certain level of these ions in water is necessary for aquatic life. Changes in TDS concentrations can be harmful because the density of the water determines the flow of water into and out of an organism's cells (Mitchell and Stapp, 1992). However, if TDS concentrations are too high or too low, the growth of many aquatic life can be limited, and death may occur.

CONDUCTIVITY

Conductivity is a measure of water’s capability to pass electrical flow. This ability is directly related to the concentration of ions in the water. These conductive ions come from dissolved salts and inorganic materials such as alkalis, chlorides, sulfides and carbonate compounds. Compounds that dissolve into ions are also known as electrolytes. The more ions that are present, the higher the conductivity of water. Likewise, the fewer ions that are in the water, the less conductive it is.

TURBIDITY

Turbidity is a measure of the degree to which the water loses its transparency due to the presence of suspended particulates. The more total suspended solids in the water, the murkier it seems and the higher the turbidity. Turbidity is considered as a good measure of the quality of water.

BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, also called biological oxygen demand) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i.e., demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. The BOD value is most commonly expressed in milligrams of oxygen consumed per litre of sample during 5 days of incubation at 20 °C and is often used as a surrogate of the degree of organic pollution of water.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

a. WATER TESTING PROCEDURES

• pH

• Turbidity

• Conductivity of water surface

• Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)

• Total Suspended Solid (TSS)

• Total Kjedahl Nitrogen (TKN)

• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Noise Monitoring and Assessment Results

[WEEK 2]
11th December 2016  - 7.30 am
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ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

(ISO 1996-1 & ISO 1996-2)

MEASUREMENT
DATE: 11 NOVEMBER 2016		TIME: 7.30 AM
MEASUREMENT TIME INTERVAL: 1 HOUR
EQUIPMENT
SOUND LEVEL METER MODEL: EXTECH INSTRUMENT SERIAL NO: 150105006
WEATHER CONDITION
WEATHER EQUIPMENT SERIAL NO: SM 15413297 PRESSURE (Pa): 1013 hPa		PRECIPITATION: RAINING/DRIZZLE
CLOUD COVER: CLEAR/SCATTERED CLOUD/PARTLY CLOUD/MOSTLY CLOUD/OVERCAST
AVERAGE WIND SPEED: 0 kph TEMPERATURE: 24˚C		HUMIDITY (%): 74%
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING CONDITION OF THE SOUND SOURCE
LOCATION OF SITE: MORNING MARKET
DESCRIPTION OF SITE: THE MARKET IS LOCATED BESIDES MAIN ROAD AND ALSO LOCATED OPPOSITES TO SHOP LOTS AND ALSO HOUSING AREA.
BUILDING GEOMETRY: OPEN AREA
GROUND COVER & CONDITION: TAR ROAD
PARAMETERS
HEIGHT OF MICROPHONE (Hr): 1.1 m		HEIGHT OF SOURCE (Hs): 1.5 m
DISTANCE BETWEEN SOURCE AND MICROPHONE (r): 5.3 m
ROAD TRAFFIC
# OF HEAVY VEHICLES (>3500KG) (Min 30): 30	# OF LIGHT VEHICLES (Min 30): 350		AVERAGE SPEED: 60 km/h

We had collected the result of our noise monitoring for this week. The results shows the noise level at each second for an hour [60sec x 60min]. So, we had a total of 3600 data. To simplify the data obtained, we had calibrated a line graph to observe the pattern.

The highest level recorded by the equipment is data on 1659 seconds which is at 7:58:32 AM where the level reaches up to 87.3 dB. From our observation, the increase on the level of noise at that particular time is due to a disturbance that occur.

L10

L10 is the noise level exceeded for 10 percent of the time of the measurement period. For week 2, the noise limit of L10 was 67.7 dBA means that over a period of one hour. The noise from morning market activities can only exceed 67.7 dBA for a total of six minutes.

Leq

Leq is the time-averaged level and is equivalent to the average energy over the whole measurement period. Leq, or LAeq as it is know called, has become the preferred international descriptor for environmental sound and will be incorporated into all new standards. For week 2, the Leq is still 70dB.

L95

L95 is the level exceeded for 95 percent of the time and represents the background level without any morning market noise present. The morning market background noise level in week 2 [58.2] is slightly higher from week 1.

Max dB

Max dB is the maximum level measured over a period of one hour, but it is not the same as, or not as high as, an individual peak level. In week 2, the max dB is 92.5 dB.

Difference between L10 and Leq

In week 2, the L10 is around 3 to 2 decibels lower than the Leq.

SEL

Sound Exposure Level (SEL) is numerically equivalent to the total Sound Energy.
SEL = Leq + 10 log10 T
SEL = 70 + 10 log 10 3600
SEL = 105.5 dB

In a conclusion, our first monitoring activity has indeed succeeded and we are looking forward to finish the rest 3 weeks.

Air Monitoring (Satria Neo)

Car: Satria Neo

Figure 1: Reading for Satria Neo at 2 rpm

Figure 2: Reading for Satria Neo at 3 rpm

Table 1: Reading for Satria Neo

Air Monitoring (Axia)

Car: Axia

Figure 1: Reading for Axia at 2 rpm

Figure 2 : Reading for Axia at 3 rpm

Table 1: Reading for Axia

Air Monitoring (Persona)

Car: Persona

Figure 1: Reading for Persona at 2 rpm

Figure 2: Reading for Persona at 3 rpm

Table 1: Reading for Persona

Lendu River

7th November 2016 - 1:30 p.m.
Lendu, Melaka Malaysia.

The activity begun at late 1:00 p.m. by departing to Lendu to take a bottle of sample water from Lendu river. We arrived 15 minutes later with the equipment that we had taken from the lab. Before Lendu was chosen as the desired place to get the sample, a short visit had been taken around Alor Gajah area to find a flowing water sources, we also went to the Kelemak Industrial Park, Alor Gajah town and finally arrived at Lendu river by coincidence. Near to this river,there is a palm oil plantation which its waste water flow directly to the river. This is mostly why we choose this river because of the possibility that the river might be polluted. The river also has some odor while the appearance seems to be cloudy and has been corrupted by chemicals and domestic waste.

The pictures of Lendu river that we managed to capture from the first visit,

This was when we were trying to take the sample from the river;

The river become narrower at the other side.

Raihan was trying to take some sample to put in the bottle.

We finished around half past 2 o'clock and headed back to MICET for further test for the water. Meanwhile, the water should be kept in cool temperature and should not be exposed to sunlight.

Noise Monitoring and Assessment Results

[WEEK 1]
4th November 2016  - 7.30 am
🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙Heading back to UniKL MICET🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙🚙

ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

(ISO 1996-1 & ISO 1996-2)

MEASUREMENT
DATE: 4 NOVEMBER 2016		TIME: 7.30 AM
MEASUREMENT TIME INTERVAL: 1 HOUR
EQUIPMENT
SOUND LEVEL METER MODEL: EXTECH INSTRUMENT SERIAL NO: 150105006
WEATHER CONDITION
WEATHER EQUIPMENT SERIAL NO: SM 15413297 PRESSURE (Pa): 1015 hPa		PRECIPITATION: RAINING
CLOUD COVER: CLEAR/SCATTERED CLOUD/PARTLY CLOUD/MOSTLY CLOUD/OVERCAST
AVERAGE WIND SPEED: 1kph TEMPERATURE: 25˚C		HUMIDITY (%): 75%
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING CONDITION OF THE SOUND SOURCE
LOCATION OF SITE: MORNING MARKET
DESCRIPTION OF SITE: THE MARKET IS LOCATED BESIDES MAIN ROAD AND ALSO LOCATED OPPOSITES TO SHOP LOTS AND ALSO HOUSING AREA.
BUILDING GEOMETRY: OPEN AREA
GROUND COVER & CONDITION: TAR ROAD
PARAMETERS
HEIGHT OF MICROPHONE (Hr): 0.93 m		HEIGHT OF SOURCE (Hs): 1.5 m
DISTANCE BETWEEN SOURCE AND MICROPHONE (r): 5.1 m
ROAD TRAFFIC
# OF HEAVY VEHICLES (>3500KG) (Min 30): 30	# OF LIGHT VEHICLES (Min 30): 350		AVERAGE SPEED: 60 km/h

We had collected the result of our noise monitoring for this week. The results shows the noise level at each second for an hour [60sec x 60min]. So, we had a total of 3600 data. To simplify the data obtained, we had calibrated a line graph to observe the pattern.

The highest level recorded by the equipment is data on 2463 seconds which is at 8:29:37 AM where the level reaches up to 81.8 dB. From our observation, the increase on the level of noise at that particular time is due to a disturbance that occur as there is a road-cleaner truck passing by the road.

L10

L10 is the noise level exceeded for 10 percent of the time of the measurement period. For week 1, the noise limit of L10 was 66.8 dBA means that over a period of one hour. The noise from morning market activities can only exceed 66.8 dBA for a total of six minutes.

Leq

Leq is the time-averaged level and is equivalent to the average energy over the whole measurement period. Leq, or LAeq as it is know called, has become the preferred international descriptor for environmental sound and will be incorporated into all new Standards. For week 1, the Leq is 70dB.

L95

L95 is the level exceeded for 95 percent of the time and represents the background level without any morning market noise present. The background noise level of the morning market is 57.5 dB.

Max dB

Max dB is the maximum level measured over a period of one hour, but it is not the same as, or not as high as, an individual peak level. For week 1, the max dB is 94.5  dB.

Difference between L10 and Leq

In week 1, the L10 is around 3 to 4 decibels lower than the Leq.

SEL

Sound Exposure Level (SEL) is numerically equivalent to the total Sound Energy.
SEL = Leq + 10 log10 T
SEL = 70 dB + log10 3600
SEL = 105.5 dB

In a conclusion, our first monitoring activity has indeed succeeded and we are looking forward to finish the rest 4 weeks more.

Noise Monitoring - Procedures

4th November 2016 - 07:00 a.m. [WEEK 1]
Tampin Market, Tampin, Negeri Sembilan.

Today was the day we did our first noise monitoring activity. This was held at Tampin morning market early in the morning as folks usually go to wet market at that time to find groceries, fishes and newly-slaughtered chicken. Hence, it would be best to monitor the noise at that time because market tend to be loud and crowded with various types of people there.

Tampin morning market.

Our monitoring activity views and surroundings. 

We departed from our university at 7 o'clock in the morning arrived at the market around 20 minutes past 7. After we had taken about 20 minutes to set-up and made a 10 minutes of trial recording, we started our monitoring at 7:50 a.m.. The monitoring took an hour to finish hence we finished at 8:50 a.m.. In the middle of the monitoring activity, there was a drizzle fall at the market area due to the cool air in the morning so we used umbrella to cover the equipment. We cannot move the microphone or if we indeed do that, we have to start the monitoring all over again.

These were some pictures that we had taken from the first monitoring day;

Our monitoring equipment.

The distance of microphone and wind device must be at least 1 meter away.

Setting up the equipment.

Protecting the mic device from light rain.

Inside Tampin morning market.

Inside Tampin morning market (2).

During our monitoring activity, there were some villagers asking and wondering the purpose of our project. We make used of our information best and explained to them our mini project background and why are we choosing market as our venue.

This is how we started..

Project Proposal

Title:    Pollution Assessment and Monitoring

Group members:         Ummi Nuraihan Binti Mohamad Rizal

                                    Sharifah Nur Adila Bt Syed Nasir

                                    Khaleeda Bt Abdul Karim

                                    Norezatul Shahirah Bt Ahmad Zamanhuri

1.0       INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this project is to assess and monitor air, noise and water pollution that is happening around us. This evaluation and assessment need to be done as we had detected that the problems will be affecting the community in a long term period. As for air monitoring, we will be monitoring exhaust emission of two different type of vehicles by manipulating the type of petrol fuel used by both type of vehicles to evaluate whether different types of fuel contributes to different level of air pollution. For noise monitoring, Tampin morning market had been selected as the venue to monitor the level of noise pollution around the area and determine whether the level of pollution is harming to the community. Lastly, for water pollution, we had picked Lendu River to assess the level of water pollution as the probability of the river had been polluted is high as the chances of surrounding area contributing to pollution is high. By monitoring and assessing the level of pollution, we could then determine whether it will affect the community in long term period and structure a plan to reduce pollution and thus educate people conserving the environment for a better future.

2.0       ASSESSMENT BACKGROUND

      2.1 Air Monitoring

Exhaust emission of two different type of vehicles which is a Perodua Axia and also Proton Persona. Different type of petrol fuel which is RON 95, RON 97, RON 98 of the same company which is PETRON will be used as the manipulated variable. The objective of this monitoring is to study the effects of different type of petrol fuel on the engine and the emission value of Sulphur Oxide (SOx), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) from the exhaust that may contribute to severe air pollution. Each type of vehicles is required to patrol on a fix route set around MICET’s area to allow the engine to be heated properly before tested as well as enabling complete combustion of fuel to occur to obtain a good result of gas emission from the exhaust. 2L of each type of petrol fuel will be tested on each type of vehicles where 6 results from 6 sample will be obtained and compared. The result obtained is then used to confirm whether different types of petrol fuel will give a different value of exhaust emission. The monitoring will be observed as the following details:

Date: 9 Nov, 23 Nov, 30 Nov

Time: 2.30 pm – 5.30 pm

Venue: MICET’s area, Lab 17

2.2 Noise Monitoring

Noise monitoring on people’s activity, road traffic, shop lots and housing area nearby the market will be observed at Tampin morning market. The objectives of this monitoring is to study the difference of noise level at peak hour of the area on same day and time for 5 consecutive weeks and to study whether the noise level exceeded the limit that may cause noise pollution that can affect the community at the area for a long time period. A noise monitoring equipment would be placed 1 metre from the source which is the market. The receiver will measure noise from the source and also from its surrounding which is the shop lots, housing area and also the road traffic. 5 results from 5 consecutive weeks will then be compared to conclude whether the surrounding area really affect the receiver from measuring the noise from the source. Any extra disturbance such as car accidents or constructions that may occur during the monitoring also will be recorded to conclude on how much the disturbance will affect the receiver’s measurement. The monitoring will be observed as the following details:

Date: 4 Nov, 11 Nov, 25 Nov, 2 Dec, 9 Dec (for 5 consecutive weeks)

Time: 7.00 am – 8.00 am

Venue: Tampin morning market

2.3 Water Monitoring

Water monitoring on the colour, odour, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, temperature, turbidity, total Kjedall nitrogem (TKN), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and conductivity of surface water which is Lendu River will be tested at the lab. The river has potential to be contaminated as it is a non-flowing river water that may contain palm oil plantation residue, small industry area, housing area and animals waste. The objectives of this monitoring is to study whether the river water contains all the factors that will lead it to be classified as polluted water. Water sample will be collected at same time on the same day for 5 consecutive weeks and being stored in an opaque container in a cool box. The fresh water sample is then being tested at the lab for 9 different tests. The results from 5 consecutive weeks is then being compared to conclude whether there is changes in any of the components tested. The monitoring will be observed as the following details:

Date: 7 Nov, 21 Nov, 28 Nov, 5 Dec, 12 Dec

          (for 5 consecutive weeks, 5 days per week)

Time: 2.00 pm (collecting the samples), 3.00 pm (testing the samples)

Venue: Lendu River

3.0       ACTION PLAN

Task	Week 6	Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12	Week 13	Week 14
Air Monitoring			Mid semester break
Noise Monitoring
Water Monitoring
Report and blog completion

 Table 3,1 Gantt chart

4.0       CONCLUSION

We really hope that we could finished this project according to the plan and obtained as much as knowledge from the monitoring and evaluating the level of pollution. We really hope that we will obtain a result which will contribute something towards ourselves, to the campus and also towards the community. We really hope that every person in this world will realize that there are pollution happening around them and it is our responsibility to ensure that the pollution will not last for a much longer period.